Seahorses, with their horse-like head, monkey-like tail, kangaroo-like pouch, and chameleon-like eyes that move independently of each other and in all directions, capture the imagination. Our fascination with these intriguing fish has led to exploitation, for traditional medicines, aquarium display, tonic foods and curiosities. Add to that accidental capture in nonselective fishing gear, and degradation of their coral, mangrove and sea grass habitats, and it’s easy to understand why the seahorse’s future is threatened.
The seahorses’ biology makes them particularly susceptible to over-fishing due to their unusual method of procreation (the male gives birth, after fertilizing eggs transferred from the female and carrying the developing young in its pouch), their small brood size, low population density, limited adult mobility and restricted home ranges. Seahorses also tend to be monogamous. Replacing a partner lost to a fisher or damaged habitat can be a lengthy process.
In 1996, a group of biologists and development specialists formed Project Seahorse. Working around the world, they seek to conserve seahorses and their habitats by studying their biology, monitoring the seahorse trade, establishing community-based marine protected areas, managing subsistence fisheries, and making local villagers and governments partners in the conservation effort. Some of the Philippine’s poorest fishers catch seahorses for a living, but thanks to Project Seahorse, they now also are helping vulnerable seahorse ecosystems recover from decades of illegal and destructive fishing practices.
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